Friday, June 23, 2006

Pics - Italy

Here's a few pics from my trip to Italy, plus to keep things relevant to the theme of the blog, a bonus pic from Sweet Potato Training:



This is the Sweet Potato Value Addition Training class with farmers from Navakholo. There were more than 60 farmers in the class. Here I am making "Crackies", which is deep fried sweet potato flour. Now on to Italy:


My sister and me in Ancient Rome, surrounded by ruins


The first in my "Things you won't find in Rural Kenya" Series: Jewel Covered Ipods, only$1500


A typically grandiose and decadent Cathedral in Rome. It's overwhelming


I just liked the name of this store; it's Rome in a nutshell


Jana with my family at the Roman ruins. Since Jana hates getting her picture taken, I had to post this


Here is one of the bodies from Pompeii, the result of a volcano that blanketed the town in ash. It's amazing how well preserved the casts are

A 2000 year old street in remarkably well preserved Pompeii

Cash Crops and Tear Gas

It’s business as usual in Kakamega, which is why I haven’t written much lately. I’m still waiting on the grant that will get things going on flour processing. I’ve been told the money is coming in July but since the funding is coming from the Government of Kenya it’s hard not to be skeptical. I also now have a certificate from KARI (Kenya Agricultural Research Institute) saying we certified and trained in Sweet Potato Value addition, which will be helpful in finding markets in Nairobi.

I’ve been doing research on other cash crops that have the potential to make a lot of money for the farmers here. One of them, Passion Fruit, yields over $500 per acre per month when cultivated properly. That’s almost enough to convince me to buy a large plot of land, cover it with passion fruit, exploit the extremely cheap and readily available local labor, and reap the profits. Of course, with that kind of mindset I could probably rule out any invitation as a guest speaker for future Peace Corps events.

Seriously, passion fruit does have a lot of potential here. There are trucks coming from Uganda to purchase it, and as of now they are buying every piece of fruit they can get their hands on. The problem is input costs. Even though a single plant can continue bearing fruits for up to seven years, the initial costs of the seedlings, fertilizer, and preparation of the land is too much for most farmers to be able to afford. Another issue is security. Raiding the passion fruit shamba (garden) would be a favorite pastime for school children, who I already see stealing from sugarcane fields and running alongside cane trailers pulling out as much cane as they can grab.

There is one potential solution to the funding issue. Our Network has recently started a loans committee for farmer groups, lending out up to about $400 per group with only 5% interest. It is something being implemented by the FAO. They want to use our network as a pilot program to see if it will work. What concerns me is that it will just take is one bad growing season or one slump in the market for groups to start defaulting on their loans. Regardless, the cost to start up an acre of passion fruit is also around $400, so after I’ve done a little more research on the market there’s a chance we can get somewhere with this.

Another even more promising crop that I’m already working with is the African bird’s eye chili pepper. There is a market in nearby Eldoret, where they are being flown for export to Germany. They are the spiciest little peppers anywhere, even hotter than Habernero. Just looking at them wrong will make your eyes water. Needless to say, security from thieving children is not an issue and they do a great job keeping other pests out of the shamba as well. The peppers are easy to grow, drought resistant, and supposedly can earn a farmer around $400 per month off a single acre. Some of the peppers making their way to the European market are being processed and sold for sauces and food, but they are also being exported for use as tear gas. It’s a great feeling to know that, with help from the farmers, I could assist European police with riot control, or provide the German military with an effective weapon should they get the urge to invade Poland again. After all, that’s what the Peace Corps is all about. Come to think about it I’ve found a solution for keeping children out of our passion fruit fields as well.

The way I see it though, the demand for tear gas peppers has to come from somewhere, so why not western Kenya? It’s a ton of money that both the farmers and the network needs. I’ve had a specialist for these peppers come speak to the network chairman, and I have managed to convince about ten farmers to start quarter acre test plots. If the market is as readily available and profitable as I have been told, then we are really on to something. The first harvest for these peppers will be in about five month’s time and I’ll know then if the crop is worthy of being promoted throughout the network.

Finally, there is a tree called Moringa Oleifera I am working with. Its pods and leaves are the most nutritious vegetable on the planet. It reduces blood pressure, controls diabetes, and even boosts the immune systems of people with HIV/AIDS. I’ve been mixing a spoonful of the dried leaf powder into my food everyday and feel great. Google it if you are skeptical or bored. There is an organisation nearby that sells the seeds in bulk, and I have purchased enough to make around 50 bags that the network is selling for a very low price to farmers. I’ve also created a brochure about Moringa that I am including with the seeds, and am keeping a log of all farmers who are purchasing the seeds. I am hoping a Moringa specialist will be able to come and conduct a training session on the crop. As of now there is not a huge local market for Moringa, but it does a great job targeting malnutrition and I am promoting it for household use more than anything. The Moringa foundation, where I purchased the seeds, is currently applying for a grant to being processing and selling Moringa products. If that is successful, then the market for Moringa would create another cash crop.

I've also been doing a lot of brainstorming on what I can do to help orphan children here, particularly the Wake Up Women’s group I have been working with that has been so determined to start an Orphanage. I recently visited an organisation in Kisumu called the Pamoja foundation, and I really like what they are doing. They find host families for orphan children, then monitor their care and make sure they are getting nutritious meals and are going to school. They also provide sessions for the kids on HIV/AIDS education, assertiveness training for the girls, etc. The children are taken care of all the way through secondary school, and the promising kids are even helped out with University fees. Right now it is only costing about $30 a month to sponsor each child, which is much less an orphanage would cost. With the Pamoja foundation, the host parents are part of the organisation and they attend regular meetings. They have become their own community of “Pamoja Parents” and they check up on each other and work as a team to make sure the kids are well taken care of. I really like the concept and may try to adapt the same principle to the Wake up Women’s group here in Kakamega. The most important issue for such a program to work would be a reliable and honest contact person here in Kenya, and I know I would have no problem trusting Habakkuk with that role.

An important point was brought up by my visit with Pamoja foundation. Kenya is an incredibly community-based culture. Family, friends, neighbors, and relatives all look out for each other in a big way. When a kid is sent to an orphanage, that group becomes their community. After they are finished with secondary school (which still leaves them very unlikely to find a decent job), their community is gone, and where do they turn to if they run into trouble? The more I think about it, the more I like the concept of leaving the children in the village while making sure their needs are met. I’m planning to do a little further research on how the Pamoja foundation, so stay tuned. If things fall into place in a way that might lead to a sustainable project then I may start my first fundraiser in the near future.

I haven’t even started talking about the latest updates with the Wheelchair project, HIV/AIDs education, and the community based organisation I’m working with near Eldoret, but I’ll save updates on those projects for another time. Things are going full-throttle now and I love it. I met in Eldoret this afternoon to talk with several Agronomists concerning cash crops, I have a meeting tomorrow with the CBO I’m assisting nearby, then it’s off to Webuye (the stinkiest town in the world: a raw sewage lake on one side of the road, a paper mill on the other) for a week of Peace Corps “Cross-Sector training”, whatever the heck that means. After that it’s off to Nairobi for a 4th of July party at the International School. All Americans living in Kenya are invited so that should make for a good time. I’ll give an update again when I return from Nairobi.

Monday, June 12, 2006

My first robbery

I used my trip to Italy as an excuse to finally get my house cleaned up. It’s a trick I learned from my mom; there’s something serene about returning to a spotlessly clean home after some time away. I’m temporarily fooled into thinking it’s the way I always live.

Thus, I was surprised to come home and find a box of cereal and deck of cards emptied out and spilled across the floor, my soapstone chess pieces out of place, and the stuffed moose I received as a gift from returned Canadian friend resting against the kitchen door when it had previously been sitting on a cabinet shelf on the other side of the house. However, nothing appeared to be stolen. The back door had remained padlocked while I was away and the front door was locked, so my best guess was that wind gusts from the small plane of glass missing in the back door somehow blew threw the house and made the mess. As for the moose, it wouldn’t be unlike me to absentmindedly move it, and maybe I let didn’t leave the chess pieces set in place after all? Oh, and perhaps I did spend all the change I thought was in a box on the table, so I let it go, but not before professionally replacing the missing pane of glass with cardboard and duct tape.

After being away from site for two weeks I needed to restock my pantry and bought, among other things, a loaf of bread and a bunch of bananas. I then went away for the day and came back to find the bread almost gone and the bananas missing, except a peel on the floor. Also, my camera was out of the case and switched on. Again, the door was locked, and I had been told that nobody outside of the owner, who lives in Nairobi, has a key. Was I going crazy? If someone was getting into my house why was nothing important stolen? Maybe I went through more bread then I thought during the previous evening. Maybe I had left my camera turned on and out of the case without thinking.

The next day I finally had a chance to sit down and download the pictures off my digital camera. I watched as the downloading pictures came up on the screen: the last sweet potato training class I organized, pics from Tuscany, Rome, and Pompeii, and around fifty out of focus pictures of the inside of my house…

Ok, something is not right.

I decided to contact Absalom, the house owner living in Nairobi. He agreed that I had a serious problem and he is going to change the lock on the front door as soon as possible. The windows are barred and we deduced that besides someone else having a key there is no way this could happen. Until the front door lock is replaced, I am padlocking the front door as well. I remembered that awhile back I noticed the house key was missing from my key chain. I don’t know how it happened and I never found it, so Absalom sent me a new key from Nairobi. My theory is that the key fell somewhere in the yard, and the kids on my compound discovered it, recently realized that it is the door key to my house, and have been using it to get in. Who else but children would play with my cards and my chess set and take a bunch of pictures in my house but steal nothing of value? I wasn’t too upset about it and actually felt pretty good in terms of fixing the problem and having lost nothing too important. Feeling fortunate, I decided to call it a night. Now, hanging on a nail in the wall by the back door is my trendy and cool L.L. Bean toiletries bag that has, among other things, my toothbrush and toothpaste, soap, sunscreen, and most importantly my malaria medication. It was gone. Now I was getting a little peeved. I needed a glass of wine. (I had reacquired a taste for it in Italy), but then I realized that box I had just purchased (classy, I know) had disappeared as well.

The next morning I had Absalom talk to Mama Nora and Moses and the other adults on my compound, and my kid theory remains. Absalom and Moses are both security guards (although Moses is retired) and I was pretty amused listening to them talk about various interrogation techniques. The one they decided to go on is to pretend there is a police investigation underway and to scare the kids into confessing with threats of prison sentences. Absalom then confidently assured me that if he were in Kakamega he would have my things back the same day. He went on to tell me of how he suspected a garden worker has stolen things from his house some time ago. It was only a hunch, but to find out he went to the worker’s house and beat him mercilessly until the worker finally confessed and gave Absalom his things back. I hope the same technique is not used on the kids.

So I’m honestly disappointed. I should know in the next couple days if I’ll ever see my toiletries bag again (the only thing I really need that is missing), and with my medication replaced and key being changed I guess things are ok. I built these kids a swing though. I give them toys and candy and play with them in the yard. If it does turn out to be the children it’s a just another disillusioning relationship I’ve had here in Kenya, like the guy who wants to be your best friend, and once he feels the moment is right acts for sponsorship to America or a new cell phone. There are so many people like that here that it‘s difficult to ever know people’s true motives or let my guard down.

Wednesday, June 07, 2006

Italy and Back

Well, Italy was great and it was nice to see my family. If I’ve gained nothing else I’ve at least come to realize how important my family and long-term friends are. I’m half a world away from anyone who has known me for more than a short time, and seeing people from the States who are able to relate to me from life before in Kenya was a nice change.

I knew beforehand that going to Italy would be a culture shock. The tremendous wealth in Italy and Vatican city was such a contrast to the tin roofed shacks and run down Chinese bicycles in my village. Hot running water (that you can drink straight from the tap!), reliable electricity, and paved roads are just a few of the things I’ve learned to do without. White people everywhere; that was a bit strange too. I’ve been around Kenyans so long now that sometimes I’m almost surprised to look down at my arms and see pasty white skin. I also anticipated a culture shock coming back to Kenya, but the strange thing was it almost felt like life was back to normal once I got off the plane and onto the streets of Nairobi. After eight months this place feels like home to me, and I have so many projects to get back to that by the end of the trip I was actually looking forward to returning.

I started the trip with an Ethiopian Airlines flight though Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia) to Rome. The brief amount of Ethiopia I was able to see from the sky was enough to make me want to visit. The landscape is completely different than what I have seen in Kenya...very dry and mountainous, and the people are beautiful.

After arriving in Rome and I immediately made a beeline for McDonald’s. I ate an Egg McMuffin for breakfast and it was heavenly. During my trip I also had a BigMac and a Fillet-O-Fish supersized extra value meal. I rarely eat fast food in the States but after months of organic, natural, and flavorless Kenyan food there was something extremely comforting about greasy processed American fast food.

After finding my way through the largest train station I’ve ever been in, I caught a train towards Montepulciano. I met with my parents and sister at the station and drove in a rental car into the hilltop village. The Tuscany region is covered by small towns. They are perched atop rolling hills and surrounded by stone walls. The towns are old, and most date back to Roman times with medieval architecture built over the ancient Roman ruins. We had a chance to go to several of these towns, and before our time in Tuscany came to an end they all started to look the same: impossibly narrow roads winding though rows of ancient stone buildings, gigantic medieval churches, usually the burial place of a Saint and filled with priceless artwork and sculptures, and thousands upon thousands of tourists. It is always easy to spot Americans in the crowd; just listen for the people making the most noise. Another giveaway: North Americans are the only people who will wear white socks with their tennis shoes. Europeans wear colored socks, usually black. Try it the next time you travel abroad and I guarantee it’s a giveaway 99.5% of the time.

Of course with tourists come the people who make their living on tourist dollars. Souvenir shops and street side vendors are everywhere. There’s so many it’s a wonder they can all stay in business. The majority of souvenirs are ridiculously tacky: who, after visiting the tomb of St. Francis, doesn’t want a Pope hat or a St. Francis shot glass? Perhaps the worst of them are the souvenir shops that are actually inside the churches themselves. Doesn’t even Jesus speak out against this?

I apologize if I’m sounding skeptical. Italy really was fantastic. I’ll move on now to the best part of Tuscany, the wine. All of these small towns have wineries, where free samples are readily available. I had a good time going from shop to shop with my father, tasting various samples, and moving on to the next. By the end of the day all the wine started to taste the same and it became difficult to walk in a straight line, but it really was a lot of fun. I couldn’t understand why people were swishing the wine around in their mouth and then spitting it out, it seemed like such a waste.

There’s also a type of liquor called Grappa. It’s made by taking the leftovers after the wine is made; the vines, leaves, and pulp, and distilling it. It’s about as strong as whiskey and tastes like rubbing alcohol with a slight grapey aftertaste. Samples are readily available at most of the small wineries and it doesn’t take long to decide that one’s Grappa tolerance has been exceeded. The funny thing about it is that Grappa is available for different prices and qualities, much like the wine. All Grappa tastes the same, so I don’t really understand the point. I did try one type of Grappa, Grappa with Herbs, which tasted different, but not in a good way. It was the most vile thing I’ve ever tried and it is obviously intended for use as a gag drink and not something people would seriously enjoy. After trying a small sample I enjoyed a Grappa with Herbs aftertaste for the rest of the day.

The food was in Italy is fantastic. Typical noodle-based Italian food from the states (Lasagna, Spaghetti, etc.) is generally just a first course in Italy, followed by a second course, which is generally a meat dish. My personal favorite was the wild boar but all the food was great. It had also been quite awhile since I’d had cheese and I definitely had more than enough in Italy to last me awhile.

After a relaxing time in Tuscany we drove to Rome, where I met up with Jana, a German friend of mine living in Southern France. She had never been to Rome before and accompanied me and my family to Rome’s fantastic sites. The city is incredible and I was amazed by the elaborate fountains, ancient pillars which were once topped with Roman emperors, but are now topped with statues of St. Peter, Roman buildings dating back to before the time of Christ, and beautiful, yet overwhelmingly detailed and decorated churches. One of my favorite sites was the Coliseum. I had a chance to go inside, listen to a guide describe the gruesome gladiator battles that took place here, and see a museum full of priceless Roman antiquities. The culture of the Romans was incredibly developed. I find it strange that, with as much as the Greeks and Romans were able to accomplish, about 1200 years followed where progress and enlightenment practically came to a halt. Why, after the fall of the Roman Empire, did people not adopt the knowledge of Roman times and continue progressing? I’m sure there’s an explanation and that’s something I want to look into.

Another site definitely worth visiting is the Pantheon. It’s a huge stone building located right in the center of Rome. It is topped by what was the largest dome in the world until the 1960’s. In the Pantheon a group of monks were singing, and the acoustics in the building are just incredible. It dates to before the time of Christ, yet is perfectly preserved thanks mostly to the fact that, although it was originally built as a temple for Roman Gods, it was converted to a Catholic Church and thus preserved through the centuries. The same good fate cannot be said of the majority of ancient Rome, which lies in ruins but is still fascinating to walk though.

We also went to Vatican City. The line into the Vatican museum, which is where the Sistine Chapel is located, was three hours long, and my parents decided to skip it since they have been there before. Instead we walked on to St. Peters Basilica. St Peters is the largest church I have ever seen. It is in a stone courtyard surrounded by pillars with room for 400,000 people, and the church itself is so gigantic that it is difficult to find a sense of scale. Only when I walked directly up to one of the carved marble angels on a small section of the wall and saw that it actually much larger than I am did I start to grasp the enormity of the building. It is longer than two football fields and the roof must be at least 100 feet overhead. Every space on the wall and ceiling is covered with paintings, carvings, and sculptures from the master artists of the Renaissance. I wish I could say it felt like a spiritual experience to be there, and perhaps it was to an extent, but the church was filled with tens of thousands of camera-wielding tourists and the elaborate building was really just too much to take in for me to feel especially close to God.

One other place worth noting in Rome is a crypt where thousands of monks had their bones changed into artwork in medieval times. Bones from deceased monks have been arranged into designs, patters, and pictures. At the end of the tour is a plaque stating “What you are, we once were. What we are you will become.” The intention is to exhibit human mortality, and I found it very strange and unsettling.

After a few days in Rome my family had to catch a return flight to the states. It was great to see them, and reassuring to know I’ll be catching up with them, as well as friends from home, again over Christmas. Once they left I stayed in Italy for another two days to meet some of the people working in at the FAO headquarters in Rome. My meeting was scheduled in the afternoon before my flight left, but I had sent a confirmation email and never got a response. I then called the person I was supposed to be meeting and he told me he would be in touch sometime later in the day to finalize our meeting. More on that in a moment.

Once my parents and sister left for the States I had a free day before meeting with the FAO the following day. With help from Jana, who works as a travel agent, we were able to book a ticket to Pompeii and spend the day there. Pompeii is an ancient Roman city of 20,000 people that was destroyed by a volcano in the 1st century A.D. The remarkable thing about the city is that it was covered in volcanic ash and left perfectly preserved until it was rediscovered in the mid 1800’s. Since then the city has been excavated and now sits, uncovered, as the best preserved ancient city in the world. We took a tour of the city and walked down the cobblestone streets through what was a very developed town. Pompeii had running water, beautiful homes with tiled floors, painted walls, and swimming pools that are still intact, fast food restaurants, a supermarket, public baths, two theaters, a gymnasium, and a coliseum. There was also a Red Light district with stone penises carved into the walls throughout town pointing the way. This was apparently done because of the language barrier of sailors coming to Pompeii’s shipping port.

Of course, the strangest thing about Pompeii is what became of the many people who were in the town when Mt. Vesuvius exploded. As the volcanic ash covered the town it also covered its people, who were then perfectly preserved under a blanket of ash for 1800 years. When they were found, only skeletons remained in the ash. Plaster was used to fill the places where the people had died, and the result is a perfect impression of what the person looked like in their last moments. Facial expressions, the texture of the clothing, and even the hair style are all perfectly visible in the plaster casts. It was creepy and also sad to see the looks of people crouched to cover themselves from the ash with a terrified look on their faces.

The next day was when I needed to meet with people from the FAO, but I had never heard back and was unsure of what to do. I decided to go to the FAO headquarters office and test my luck, but when I arrived the guy I was supposed to meet was not in, and security would not let me enter the building without an escort. I was pretty disappointed, but decided to make the most of it and visit the Vatican Museum since I had missed it with my parents. I arrived late in the afternoon and the three hour line I had seen when we walked by in the morning was gone. I was able to go straight into the museum and was surrounded by priceless sculptures, paintings, tapestries, and artifacts. I had anticipated only Christian relics and artwork but there were also ancient Egyptian, Roman, and Greek displays. The museum is enormous and it quickly became clear that there was little time to see everything. I breezed through room after room, looking at walls and ceilings covered with priceless paintings, and I finally made it to the Sistine Chapel, the highlight of Vatican City. The Chapel was smaller than I expected, and was so cram filled with chattering tourists that there was hardly a place to stand. The body heat from the thousands of people made it feel like a humid day in Kisumu, and I briefly looked at Michelangelo’s famous painting and left to see other equally fascinating exhibits that were not as crowded.

I made it back to Kenya, but not in time to catch the bus back to my site. I spend the night at Upper Hill Campsite and had a chance to speak to a guy traveling from Cape Town to Cairo by himself. He had some great stories and even gave me a book on trans-African travel to read. I think I’ll do the same thing, but preferably not alone, when my stint with the Peace Corps is complete.

Now I’m in the office waiting for our executive meeting to start, and I’ve written enough for now. I’ll give an update on where things stand here in Kenya in a future post.